Are you planning to change heating appliances in your own home? For this, knowledge of the types of battery wiring, how to connect and place them is useful. Agree, because its correctness directly depends on the correctness of the selected scheme for connecting heating radiators in a particular house or room.
Proper battery connection is a very important task, because it can provide a comfortable temperature in all rooms at any time of the year. It is good when the fuel consumption is minimal, and the house is warm in the coldest days.
We will help you figure out what is required for the most efficient operation of radiators. In the article you will find a lot of useful information about how to connect batteries and their implementation without the involvement of specialists. Schemes are given, as well as video materials that will help to clearly understand the essence of the issue.
What is needed for efficient battery operation?
An efficient heating system can save money on fuel. Therefore, in its design, you should make informed decisions. Indeed, sometimes the advice of a neighbor in the country or a friend who recommends such a system as his does not work at all.
It happens that there is no time to deal with these issues yourself. In this case, it is better to turn to professionals who have been working in this field for over 5 years and have grateful feedback.
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Marking the wall and installing brackets
Location control before mounting
Connecting the radiator to the feed pipe
Connecting the radiator to the return pipe
Having decided to independently install new batteries or replace heating radiators, you need to consider that the following indicators have a direct impact on their effectiveness:
- size and heat output of heating appliances;
- their location in the room;
- connection method.
The choice of heating appliances strikes the imagination of an inexperienced consumer. Among the offers are wall-mounted batteries made of various materials, floor and baseboard convectors. All of them have a different shape, size, heat transfer level, type of connection. These characteristics must be taken into account when installing heating appliances in the system.
Among the models of heating devices on the market, it is better to choose, focusing on the material and thermal power specified by the manufacturer
For each room, the number of radiators and their size will be different. It all depends on the area of the room, the level of insulation of the external walls of the building, the wiring diagram, the thermal power indicated by the manufacturer in the product passport.
Battery locations - under the window, between windows located at a fairly long distance from each other, along a blank wall or in the corner of the room, in the hallway, pantry, bathroom, in the entrances of apartment buildings.
Depending on the place and method of installation of the heater, there will be different heat losses. The most unsuccessful option is a radiator completely covered by a screen
It is recommended to install a heat-reflecting screen between the wall and the heater. You can make it yourself, using one of the materials that reflect heat - penofol, isospan or another foil-like analogue.
You should also follow these basic rules for installing the battery under the window:
- all radiators in one room are located on one level;
- convector ribs in an upright position;
- the center of the heating equipment coincides with the center of the window or is 2 cm to the right (left);
- battery length not less than 75% of the window itself;
- the distance to the windowsill is not less than 5 cm, to the floor - not less than 6 cm. The optimal distance is 10-12 cm.
The level of heat transfer of devices and heat loss depends on the correct connection of radiators to the heating system in the house.
Having withstood the basic standards for the placement of radiators, it is possible to prevent the penetration of cold into the room through the window as much as possible
It happens that the owner of the house is guided by the advice of a friend, but the result is not at all as expected. Everything is done as he did, but only the batteries do not want to warm.
This means that the selected connection scheme did not fit specifically for this house, the area of the premises, the heat output of the heating devices were not taken into account, or annoying installation errors were made.
Features of connection schemes
There is a fundamental difference in the connection diagrams of heating devices, depending on the type of pipe layout. It can be single-pipe and double-pipe. Each of these types is subdivided into a system with horizontal highways or vertical risers.
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Single pipe heating system example
The device of a two-pipe heating system
Vertical wiring of the heating circuit
Horizontal wiring of the heating system
Leningradka - advanced single pipe system
The scheme with deadlock movement of the coolant
Tee heating circuit assembly
Collector or beam wiring diagram
Depending on the type of wiring chosen, the option to connect the batteries will differ. For one-pipe and two-pipe systems, it is possible to use lateral, lower, diagonal connection of heating devices.
The main task is to choose the best option that can satisfy the needs of a particular home in the required amount of heat.
These two types of wiring belong to the tee pipe connection system. In addition to it, collector circuits are distinguished. They are also called beam wiring. Its main feature is the laying of the pipeline separately for each heating device.
The disadvantage is that pipes pass directly through the premises of the entire floor and a lot of them will be required. This will affect the cost of the system. A significant plus - they are often mounted on the floor, without affecting the design of the room.
The collector or radial diagram for connecting radiators does not violate the general concept of the design of the room, and is also used for the installation of the “warm floor” system
This option, which significantly increases the flow rate of pipes, has recently been actively used in the design of heating schemes. The collector connection of heating devices is used in the "warm floor" system. Depending on the type of project, it can serve as an additional source of heating or the main one.
Single pipe system features
The type of heating, in which all the batteries are connected in one pipe, is called a single pipe. The heated and cooled coolant moves along one pipe, entering one device at a time. It is important for her to choose the right diameter, otherwise the pipe will not cope with its duties and there will be no effect from such heating.
A single-tube system has its drawbacks and advantages. Many beginning masters believe that choosing this type of wiring can save a lot of money on installing heating appliances and pipes. But this is a fallacy. Indeed, for the high-quality operation of the system, it will be necessary to correctly connect everything, given the mass of nuances. Otherwise, the rooms will be cold.
The single pipe system is really capable of saving money when using a vertical riser. This is true for 5-story buildings, where it is beneficial to mount one pipe to reduce material consumption.
With this option, the heated water flows up the main riser, distributed further along the remaining risers.In turn, the coolant enters the heating devices of each floor, starting from the top.
With a single-pipe coolant circulation system, warm water enters the radiator and returns back to the same pipe. Therefore, the area of the last device should be larger
The lower the water drops, following the riser, the lower its temperature becomes. This problem is solved by increasing the area of radiators on the lower floors. Radiators of a single-pipe system are preferably equipped with bypasses.
This will make it possible to dismantle the heater without problems, for example, for repair, without disturbing the performance of the entire system.
In a single-pipe horizontal wiring system, you can use the associated or dead-end movement of the coolant. It works well for pipelines with a total length of up to 30 m. The optimal number of connected heating devices in this case is 4-5 pcs.
Two-pipe wiring: the main differences
Two-pipe wiring involves the use of 2 pipelines: one for the passage of the heated coolant (supply), the second for the cooled, heading back to the heating tank (return). As a result, each battery receives water at approximately the same temperature, which allows you to evenly warm all rooms.
The use of two-pipe wiring is considered the most desirable. With this connection of heating appliances, the least heat loss occurs. Water circulation can be associated and deadlocked.
This radiator maintenance system is characterized by convenient adjustment of their thermal performance.
Choosing a two-pipe circuit for connecting batteries with forced circulation, it is necessary to install a valve for venting air
Many craftsmen who independently install the heating system of their home, disapprove of the two-pipe. The main argument is the high consumption of pipes, which significantly increases the cost of the project.
A detailed examination of this statement reveals that with the correct connection of devices and the use of optimal pipe diameters in a private house, the system will not cost much more than a single-pipe one.
After all, for the device of the latter, a larger diameter of pipes and a large area of devices are needed. The final price will be affected by the cost of pipes of smaller diameter, better circulation of the coolant and minimal heat loss.
Connection of heating devices in a two-pipe system can be carried out diagonally, sideways, from below. Permissible use of horizontal and vertical risers. The most effective option is a diagonal connection. It allows you to maximize the use of heat, evenly distributing it across all heating devices.
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Example of connecting a radiator to a two-pipe system
Specifics of hidden cabling
Strob for laying the feed pipe to the radiator
Strob for laying pipe rejection
Installing the radiator on the opposite side of the risers
Concealed thermal management solution
Arrangement of a pipe for a cooled coolant
Features of the finish with hidden wiring
Side Battery Connection
Lateral connection is used in two-and one-pipe distributions. It is also called one-way. The main feature is the supply pipe and return pipe mounted on one side of the battery.
Such a system is used in multi-storey buildings with vertical flow of coolant. The main condition is to install a jumper before connecting to the pipeline, called a bypass, and taps so that it is possible to remove the radiator without disturbing the entire system.
The installation of taps on the pipe connecting the radiator to the main pipeline will facilitate future maintenance. If you need to paint or rinse the heating device, it can be removed without problems, without violating the overall system
One-way connection works most effectively with a small length of the heater - 5-6 sections. The connection of radiators of large length in this way will have large heat losses.
The specifics of the bottom connection
The scheme in which the lower connection is used is most often used to solve design problems. When you need to hide pipes by mounting them in a wall or floor.
Manufacturers of heating appliances offer various models and variations of radiators with bottom connection. The product passport indicates how to properly connect a specific model of a heating battery.
Inside the radiator connection node there are ball valves built-in by the manufacturer, which make it possible to dismantle it if necessary. Such information allows you to install devices in the system yourself.
In many modern battery models, the bottom connection scheme assumes the circulation of water as with a diagonal connection. To do this, a special obstacle is installed inside the radiator, guaranteeing the movement of water completely throughout the device. Only then the coolant gets into the return
The bottom connection is not recommended for use with natural water circulation. High heat losses from the lower connection are compensated by the greater power of the radiators.
Diagonal wiring diagram
Diagonal connection is characterized by minimal heat loss. Its feature is that heat is supplied from one side of the device, passes through all sections and exits through an opening on the other side. It is used for single and double pipe systems.
This battery connection option can be implemented in two ways:
- The coolant enters the upper hole of the device, circulates through it and flows from the lower side hole on the other side.
- Water enters the lower hole on one side and, passing through the entire radiator, leaves its upper opposite hole.
The diagonal circuit works effectively when connecting long batteries, with a total number of sections 12 pcs or more.
Using a diagonal connection scheme allows you to effectively use fairly long devices. They warm up equally well, providing good room heating.
Natural or forced movement of water?
The option for connecting the batteries depends on what type of water movement or antifreeze is supposed to be used for the functioning of the system. There are only 2 options: natural circulation and forced.
The first option involves the use of physical laws without buying and installing additional devices. Suitable when water is the coolant. Any ice-freezer will circulate worse through the system.
The system consists of a boiler that heats the water, an expansion tank, supply and return pipes, and batteries. Water, heating, expands and begins its movement along the riser, visiting in turn installed radiators. Cooled water from the system flows by gravity back to the boiler.
With this type of circulation, a horizontal pipeline is installed with a slight slope in the direction of movement of the coolant. This system is self-regulating, because its quantity also changes depending on the temperature of the water. The circulation pressure rises, allowing the vodice to evenly heat the room.
With natural circulation, two-pipe and single-pipe schemes with an upper wiring, two-pipe with a lower one, are used. It is advantageous to use such methods of connecting radiators to the heating system for small rooms.
It is important to equip the batteries with air vents to remove excess air or install automatic air vents on risers. The boiler is best placed in the basement so that it is lower than the heated room.
The connection diagram of radiators with natural coolant circulation should include a slight bias in the direction of water movement
For houses the area of which is 100 m2 and more to change the circulation system of the coolant. In this case, you will need a special device that stimulates the movement of water or antifreeze through the pipes. It is about installing a circulation pump. Its power depends on the area of the heated room.
The pump is installed in the supply or return pipe. To remove excess air from the system, it is necessary to mount automatic vents at the highest point of the pipeline or use batteries with Mayevsky taps for manual bleeding.
The use of a pump for forced circulation allows the use of antifreeze as a coolant. In this case, you need to install a closed expansion tank so that the fumes do not harm the health of the residents of the house
The circulation pump is used in two- and single-tube schemes with horizontal and vertical systems for connecting heating devices.
Rules for connecting radiators
Regardless of the type of radiator chosen and the connection scheme suitable for them, it is important to correctly calculate and install everything.
In each case, its own system will be optimal. For expensive large-area houses, it is advisable to turn to specialists who can offer the optimal project. This is not a question to save on.
In order to properly install and connect heating appliances in a complex design scheme, it is better to use the services of professionals
For small residential homes, you can independently choose the appropriate scheme and install heating devices. Be sure to take into account the features of your home, the rules for installing batteries and the appropriateness of using one or another circuit.
When installing radiators, one should not forget that the type of material for the battery itself and pipes must be the same. Plastic pipes connected to cast-iron heaters will bring many problems, ruining the heating system.
When engaging in the self-assembly of heating batteries, one should not forget from installing ball valves for air bleeding and an inlet regulator
Video about the difference between natural and forced circulation of the coolant in the heating system:
A video that demonstrates the differences between different schemes of the heating system:
Scheme of efficient connection of heating batteries with a two-pipe system:
The efficiency of heating directly depends on the choice of the battery connection scheme for your home. With the right option, heat loss is minimized. This allows you to get the maximum effect with the least use of fuel. You can install the batteries yourself. It is important to take into account the peculiarities of construction so that cold batteries do not interfere with a comfortable life in a cozy house.
If you are interested in the material proposed by us for consideration, if you have questions and cause for discussion, we invite you to post comments.